【Book】生態学的視覚論 The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception

【本】ギブソン，ジェームズ．古崎敬訳．1986. 『生態学的視覚論：　ヒトの知覚世界を探る』．サイエンス社．

HILOKI氏の日記に書き込みしていて、そう言えばこの系統の本はあんまりここにアップしていないなぁ…と思ったので書いてみます。

アフォーダンスで有名なギブソンのこれまた有名な本です。τの理論が一番有名かな？かなり多岐にわたるデータを用いた方なので一概には言えませんが。実は邦訳の方は持っていないので、邦題は多分これだと思うんだけど…という感じ。なので引用は英文で失礼します。

ギブソンと言えば、しばらく前お隣のブースの会話が聞こえてきてしまったのですが、次のようなことを言ってらっしゃる方がいました。

「日本ではアフォーダンスが凄く人気あるけど、海外ではそうでもない。日本が例外的。基本的にキリスト教国では流行らない理論だ」

うーん…なるほどねぇ…そうかな…？そうかも…？ちょっと断じかねるところですね…。難しい。運命論的な意味あいが嫌われるかしら？

【Book】Gibson, James. J. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


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The theory of information pickup makes a clear-cut separation between perception and fantasy, but it closes the supposed gap between perception and knowledge. The extracting and abstracting of invariants are what happens in both perceiving and knowing. To perceive the environment and to conceive it are different in degree but not in kind. (L.O.)
Knowing is an extention of perceiving. The child becomes aware of the world by looking around and looking at, by listening, feeling, smelling and tasting, but then she begins to be made aware of the world as well. She is shown things, and told things, and given models and pictures of things, and then instruments and tools and books, and finally rules and short cuts for finding out more things. (p. 258)
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What are the kinds of culturally transmitted knowledge? I am uncertain, for they have not been considered at this level of description. Present-day discussions of the "media of communication" seem to me glib and superficial. I suspect that there are many kinds merging into one another, of great complexity. But I can think of three obvious ways to facilitate knowing, to aid perceiving, or to extend the limits of comprehension: the use of instruments, the use of verbal discription, and the use of pictures. Words and pictures work in a different way than do instruments, for the information is obtained at second hand. Consider them separately.
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